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This article describes routes between countries that avoid transit in the United States, since the documentation requirements to transit in the US can be onerous. It may be preferable to select itineraries that avoid the United States altogether. However finding these flights is not always easy: the United States--fronting the Pacific Rim, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Caribbean Sea--is an extremely vast country with several major cities that serve as hubs for many airlines; most online travel services lack an option to avoid a country; in many cases the smaller companies and chartered flights are harder to find.

Contents 1 Understand 2 Via Canada 3 From Europe 3.1 To South and Central America 3.2 To the Caribbean 4 From Australasia and Oceania 4.1 To South and Central America 4.2 To Canada 5 From Asia 5.1 To South and Central America 5.2 To Canada 6 From Africa

[edit] Understand

You may wish to avoid transit in US airports because:

• Anyone arriving into the United States or one of its territories (like Puerto Rico) and not covered by the Visa Waiver Program requires at least a C-1 transit visa to transit the airport. This can be expensive and time-consuming to obtain, and you can be denied the visa: the requirements are the same as the full B-2 tourist visa. If you arrive without this visa, even for a fuel stop or transit, and aren't eligible for a waiver, you will be sent home and recorded as having been denied entry to the US.
• The United States does not allow sterile transit, which means that even if you have an immediate connecting flight, you have to pass through Customs and Immigration. This is time-consuming and tedious (4 hours or more is recommended to be safe), and all travellers transiting in the USA using either a transit visa or the Visa Waiver Program will be photographed and fingerprinted.
• You have previously been denied entry to the US or overstayed in the US, and have been advised that entry may be refused in future. Transit entry is as likely to be refused as any other entry, it will almost certainly be easier to avoid risking it.

Note that all of these activities now require either a Visa Waiver or C1 transit visa: transferring to another flight; just stopping and not disembarking from the plane; and refuelling stops. Sometimes these minor stops are not even clearly marked on preliminary itineraries for long haul flights. If you have reason to avoid the US, ask that the itinerary be double and triple checked for transit and fuel stops in the US (including Hawaii and Alaska).

Note: Alternative transit points described in this article often also require visas. Always check transit or entry conditions of all stops. You are responsible for checking and if necessary getting the visas and are advised to do so months before your planned trip.

[edit] Via Canada

Traveling from Europe or Asia via Canada allows reaching a number of Caribbean and South American destinations. This is also useful for flying around the world without entering the United States. There are numerous services from European cities to Montreal and Toronto, and Vancouver and Toronto have non-stop services to Seoul, Tokyo and Hong Kong. Note that some Cathay Pacific Toronto to Hong Kong flights refuel in Anchorage, Alaska and may or may not need to pass immigration.

[edit] From Europe

[edit] To South and Central America

• Sao Paulo, Lima, and Mexico City are fairly well-served from London, Amsterdam, Paris, Zurich, Frankfurt and Madrid.
• Santiago de Chile can be reached from Madrid, Frankfurt, Paris, and Zurich. [1]
• Many cities in South America are easily reachable from London, Paris, Madrid or Barcelona. [2]

[edit] To the Caribbean

• Bermuda is directly reachable from London.
• Saint Kitts is reachable on Saturdays from London Gatwick. [3]
• Cubana de Aviacion offers flights from several European cities to Havana. From there connecting flights to Latin America, other Caribbean islands and other Cuban cities are available.

[edit] From Australasia and Oceania

[edit] To South and Central America

Santiago de Chile and Sao Paulo can be reached from Sydney and other Australian cities with a stop in Auckland or sometimes Easter Island. These flights are substantially shorter than trips via North America, but are less frequent and can be more expensive. Book well in advance. Onward flights to the rest of South America and up to Mexico are available from Sao Paulo.

[edit] To Canada

Trans-Pacific travel avoiding the US can be difficult due to the use of Honolulu as a refueling stop. As Hawaii is a US state, a stop in Honolulu is a US transit. Insist on having your itineraries checked for this fuel stop, as sometimes it is not advertised. The most common other points of transit (and unfortunately the ones on the cheapest flights) are Los Angeles and San Francisco. However, there are some options that avoid US transits:

• Air New Zealand has non stop flights from Auckland to Vancouver, which began in November 2007.
• Since 14 December 2007, Air Canada has eliminated the fuel stop in Honolulu and now runs one daily non-stop flight to Canada from Australia. This is with Air Canada, which flies from Sydney to Vancouver non-stop (and an onward direct flight on the same plane to Toronto.) You can also continue to book flights to Canada via either Auckland or the major Asian transit points such as Tokyo, Singapore, Bangkok and Hong Kong; if choosing to book via these routes, ensure there is no transit or fuel stop on the US West Coast.

[edit] From Asia

[edit] To South and Central America

One stop connections from Asia to South and Central America are possible by transiting via major European hubs such as London, Amsterdam and Frankfurt, but that's a lengthy trip. There are some direct flights over the Pacific:

• Mexico City and Tijuana can be reached from Tokyo via Aeromexico.

Note that JAL service from Tokyo to Sao Paulo has a stop at New York-JFK.

[edit] To Canada

There are many non-stop flights to Vancouver from major Asian hubs on both Asian and Canadian airlines, as Vancouver is the closest North American port-of-call to Asia. Recently there has been an increase in the number of non-stop flights from Hong Kong, Beijing, Tokyo and Shanghai to Toronto as well, owing to the business links and large expatriate Chinese population in the city of Toronto.

[edit] From Africa

South African Airways flies direct from Johannesburg to Sao Paulo; TAAG Air Angola flies direct from Luanda to Rio de Janeiro.